Driverless cars: Who should die in a crash?

If forced to choose, who should a self-driving car kill in an unavoidable crash?

Should the passengers in the vehicle be sacrificed to save pedestrians? Or should a pedestrian be killed to save a family of four in the vehicle?

To get closer to an answer – if that were ever possible – researchers from the MIT Media Lab have analysed more than 40 million responses to an experiment they launched in 2014.

Their Moral Machine has revealed how attitudes differ across the world.

How did the experiment work?

Weighing up whom a self-driving car should kill is a modern twist on an old ethical dilemma known as the trolley problem.

The idea was explored in an episode of the NBC series The Good Place, in which ethics professor Chidi is put in control of a runaway tram.

If he takes no action, the tram will run over five engineers working on the tracks ahead.

If he diverts the tram on to a different track he will save the five engineers, but the tram will hit one other engineer who would otherwise have survived.

The Moral Machine presented several variations of this dilemma involving a self-driving car.

People were presented with several scenarios. Should a self-driving car sacrifice its passengers or swerve to hit:

• a successful business person?
• a known criminal?
• a group of elderly people?
• a herd of cows?
• pedestrians who were crossing the road when they were told to wait?

Four years after launching the experiment, the researchers have published an analysis of the data in Nature magazine.

What did they find?

The results from 40 million decisions suggested people preferred to save humans rather than animals, spare as many lives as possible, and tended to save young over elderly people.

There were also smaller trends of saving females over males, saving those of higher status over poorer people, and saving pedestrians rather than passengers.

The researchers acknowledge that their online game was not a controlled study and that it “could not do justice to all of the complexity of autonomous vehicle dilemmas”.

However, they hope the Moral Machine will spark a “global conversation” about the moral decisions self-driving vehicles will have to make.

Source: BBC